Spinal Cord Injury

What is spinal cord injury?

A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord, the vital pathway that connects the brain to the rest of the body. This type of injury is serious and can lead to long-term disability, affecting movement, sensation, and even basic bodily functions like bladder control.

In Africa, spinal cord injuries are common due to road accidents, falls, violence, and unsafe work environments. According to research, road traffic accidents alone account for nearly 50% of spinal injuries in some African countries. Many of these injuries could be prevented with better safety measures and awareness.

What causes spinal cord injuries?

Spinal cord injuries often occur unexpectedly, usually from accidents or violence. The most common causes include:

  • Road accidents: Motorcycle and car accidents are the leading causes, especially where seatbelts and helmets are not commonly used.
  • Falls: Falling from trees (like coconut or mango trees), construction sites, or poorly maintained staircases can lead to serious spinal injuries.
  • Violence: Stabbings, gunshots, and physical assault can damage the spinal cord.
  • Sports injuries: Rough sports or playing without proper safety gear can result in trauma to the spine.
  • Diving into shallow water: Many people injure their spine by diving into rivers, pools, or lakes without checking the depth.
  • Heavy lifting: Carrying heavy loads improperly can strain the spine and cause serious damage over time.

How common is spinal cord injury in Africa?

Spinal cord injuries are on the rise in Africa due to increasing road accidents and workplace hazards. Studies show that for every 1 million people in Africa, about 130–260 suffer spinal injuries each year. Unfortunately, many people do not receive proper treatment due to lack of access to healthcare facilities.

Symptoms of a spinal cord injury?

If someone has suffered trauma to the spine, watch for the following signs:

  • Difficulty walking or standing
  • Loss of control over bladder or bowels
  • Inability to move arms or legs (paralysis)
  • Tingling or numbness in fingers and toes
  • Intense pain in the back or neck
  • Headache and signs of shock
  • An unnatural or twisted head position

What to do if you suspect a spinal cord injury:

If you think someone has a spinal cord injury, follow these steps immediately:

  • Call for emergency help: The sooner they receive medical attention, the better.
  • Do not move the person: Moving them could worsen the injury.
  • Keep them still: Encourage them to remain as still as possible.
  • If they are not breathing, perform CP: But do not tilt their head back. Instead, gently move their jaw forward.

Diagnosing a spinal cord injury?

When the person gets to the hospital, doctors will use tests like:

  • X-rays to check for fractures in the spine.
  • CT scans (a more detailed X-ray) to get clearer images.
  • MRI scans to detect any nerve or tissue damage.
  • Evoked potential testing to measure how fast nerve signals travel to the brain.

How to prevent spinal cord injuries?

Since spinal cord injuries are often caused by accidents, here are some safety tips:

  • Always wear a seatbelt when driving or riding in a car.
  • Wear helmets when riding a motorcycle or bicycle.
  • Avoid diving into unknown water. Always check the depth first.
  • Be cautious when climbing trees or ladders. Many injuries occur from falls.
  • Use protective gear when playing sports.
  • Lift heavy objects properly. Bend your knees, not your back.

Life after a spinal cord injury?

While a spinal cord injury is life-changing, many people in Africa have learned to live fulfilling lives with the right support. Some people may need wheelchairs, walkers, or other assistive devices. Rehabilitation, family support, and community awareness can help people regain independence.

Common complications include:

  • Pressure sores from prolonged sitting or lying in one position.
  • Urinary tract infections due to loss of bladder control.
  • Muscle weakness from lack of movement.