Anaemia

What is anaemia?

Imagine your body as a car. For it to run smoothly, it needs fuel. In the same way, your body needs oxygen to function properly. Oxygen is carried by red blood cells, which act like little transporters in your bloodstream. Anaemia happens when your body does not have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen. This makes you feel weak, tired, and dizzy because your body is not getting the fuel it needs.

How common is anaemia in Africa?

Anaemia is a serious health problem in Africa, especially among children and pregnant women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 40% of children under five and more than 30% of pregnant women in Africa suffer from anaemia. In many communities, malnutrition, malaria, and poor healthcare make the situation worse.

Misconceptions about anaemia?

Many Africans believe myths about anaemia that prevent them from getting proper treatment. Some of these include:

  • “If you are vegetarian, you will definitely have anaemia.“ While iron from plantbased foods is harder to absorb than iron from meat, adding citrus fruits to meals can help the body absorb iron better.
  • “You cannot exercise or play sports if you have anaemia.” People with anaemia can still be active, but they should consult a doctor before engaging in intense physical activity.
  • “Anaemia is always caused by poor diet.” While lack of proper nutrition is a major cause, other factors like sickle cell disease and infections like malaria can also lead to anaemia.

Causes of anaemia?

Anaemia happens when your body either does not produce enough red blood cells or destroys them too quickly. Some causes include: Factors that reduce red blood cell production?

  • Poor diet lacking iron, vitamin B12, or folate.
  • Chronic diseases like kidney disease, HIV, and tuberculosis.
  • Certain cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma.
  • Side effects of some medications, especially chemotherapy.

Factors that increase red blood cell destruction?

  • Blood loss due to accidents, surgery, heavy menstrual bleeding, or childbirth.
  • Malaria and other infections that destroy red blood cells.
  • Sickle cell disease, a genetic condition common among Africans.

Symptoms of anaemia?

If you have anaemia, you may notice:

  • Extreme tiredness and weakness
  • Dizziness and shortness of breath
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Yellowing of the eyes (jaundice)
  • Frequent headaches
  • Heart palpitations (fast or irregular heartbeat)
  • Poor concentration and memory problems Types of anaemia?

There are different types of anaemia, and knowing which one you have helps in getting the right treatment. Some common types include:

  • Iron deficiency anaemia: Caused by a lack of iron in the body.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia: Caused by not getting enough vitamin B12.
  • Anaemia of chronic disease: Caused by long-term illnesses.
  • Sickle cell anaemia: A genetic condition affecting millions in Africa.

How is anaemia diagnosed?

A doctor will:

  • Ask about your medical and family history.
  • Perform a physical exam.
  • Conduct a Full Blood Count (FBC) test to check red blood cell levels.

Treatment of Anaemia?

Treatment depends on the type of anaemia and its cause. Some common treatments include:

  • Dietary changes: Eating iron-rich foods like:
  • Liver, red meat, fish, chicken, and eggs
  • Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach
  • Beans, groundnuts, and soybeans
  • Whole grains and cereals
  • Iron supplements: For those who need extra help.
  • Vitamin B12 injections: For people who have difficulty absorbing it from food.
  • Blood transfusion: For severe cases.
  • Treating underlying conditions: Such as malaria or kidney disease.

Conclusion: Take anaemia seriously?

Anaemia is more than just feeling tired – it can lead to serious health problems if not treated. If you or someone you know has symptoms of anaemia, visit a healthcare provider for testing and treatment. Eat a healthy, balanced diet and take care of your overall health to prevent anaemia. Your health is your wealth!