Breast Cancer

What is cancer?

Cancer happens when certain cells in the body start growing out of control. Normally, cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way, but cancer cells don’t follow this process. Instead, they multiply quickly and can spread to different parts of the body.

What is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is a disease where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the breast. These cells can start in different parts of the breast, such as:

  • Lobules: The glands that produce breast milk.
  • Ducts: The pathways that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple.
  • Fatty or connective tissue: These give the breast its shape and support.

If not detected early, breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body, including the bones, liver, and lungs.

How common is breast cancer in Africa?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, including Africa. In many African countries, breast cancer cases are increasing due to late detection, lack of awareness, and limited access to healthcare. According to the world health organization (WHO):

  • In Ghana, breast cancer accounts for about 33.9% of all cancers in women.
  • In Nigeria, more than 26,000 new cases are recorded yearly.
  • Across Africa, most breast cancer cases are detected at later stages, reducing the chances of survival.

Myths and misconceptions about breast cancer?

There are many false beliefs about breast cancer. Here are some common ones:

  • “Only older women get breast cancer.” False! Young women (and even men) can also develop breast cancer.
  • “Keeping money in your bra causes breast cancer.” There is no scientific proof of this, but it is still an unhygienic practice.
  • “Breast cancer is a death sentence.” Not true! Many people survive breast cancer, especially if it is detected early.
  • “Breastfeeding prevents breast cancer.” While breastfeeding reduces the risk, it does not completely prevent breast cancer.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Some women are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer than others. Here are some factors that increase the chances:

  • Age: Women over 40 years are at higher risk.
  • Family history: If your mother, sister, or grandmother had breast cancer, your risk increases.
  • Early menstruation: Starting your period before age 12 increases the risk.
  • Late menopause: Women who reach menopause after age 55 have a higher risk.
  • Giving birth late: Having a first child after age 35 increases the risk.
  • Not having children: Women who have never given birth have a slightly higher risk.
  • Obesity: Being overweight increases the risk.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol regularly increases the chances of developing breast cancer.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use is linked to many cancers, including breast cancer.

How to detect breast cancer early?

Early detection saves lives! Here’s what you can do:

  • Perform a breast self-exam: Check your breasts regularly for lumps, changes in shape, or unusual discharge.
  • Go for clinical breast exams: A trained health worker can examine your breasts for early signs of cancer.
  • Get a mammogram: This special X-ray helps detect cancer early, even before you feel any symptoms.
  • Watch out for symptoms: These include:
  • A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
  • Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
  • Nipple discharge (other than breast milk).
  • Skin changes like redness, dimpling, or peeling.
  • Breast pain that does not go away.

How is breast cancer treated?

If diagnosed with breast cancer, treatment depends on the stage of the disease. Options include:

  • Surgery: Removing the cancerous lump or the entire breast.
  • Chemotherapy: Using strong medicine to kill cancer cells.
  • Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
  • Hormone therapy: Blocking hormones that help the cancer grow.
  • Targeted therapy: Attacking only cancer cells without harming normal cells.

How to reduce the risk of breast cancer?

While you can’t change your genetics, there are steps you can take to lower your risk:

  • Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes a day).
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruits.
  • Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.
  • Breastfeed your babies if possible.
  • Get regular check-ups and screenings.

Final words: Take action now!

Breast cancer is not a death sentence, but early detection is key. In many African communities, women do not seek medical help until it is too late. Do not wait until it’s too late.

Visit the nearest hospital if you notice anything unusual.

Check your breasts every month.

Encourage your mothers, sisters, and friends to get screened.