Hernia

What is Hernia?

A hernia is when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscles or tissues that hold it in place. 

In Africa, many people believe that hernias are caused by carrying heavy loads or eating certain foods, but this is not entirely true. Hernias often result from weak muscles combined with excessive strain, which can happen through lifting, coughing, pregnancy, or even chronic constipation. Hernias don’t heal on their own and can sometimes become life-threatening if left untreated.

How common is hernia in Africa?

Hernias are very common in Africa, affecting men, women, and even children. Studies suggest that inguinal hernias (the most common type) affect about 5% of African males, and in some communities, up to 30% of men will develop a hernia in their lifetime. In many rural areas, people delay treatment due to fear of surgery or reliance on herbal medicines, which can make the condition worse.

Common myths about hernia?

There are many myths surrounding hernias, and it’s important to separate fact from fiction:

• “Hernias can be cured with herbal medicine or creams.” False. Hernias do not go away with herbal treatments. They require medical intervention, often surgery.
• “Hernias are caused by eating starchy foods.” False. While poor diet may contribute to digestive issues like constipation, hernias are mainly caused by muscle weakness and strain.
• “Hernias will heal on their own.” False. Once a hernia appears, it does not go away without treatment.
• “Only men get hernias.” False. Women and even babies can get hernias too.

Types of hernia?

Hernias can occur in different parts of the body. Here are the most common types:

Inguinal hernia (groin hernia) – most common in men

• Happens when intestines push through the lower abdominal wall into the groin.
• More common in men because of a natural weak spot in that area.
• You may notice a swelling in the groin, especially when lifting or coughing.

Hiatal hernia (stomach hernia)

• Happens when part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm (the muscle that helps you breathe).
• Often causes acid reflux, heartburn, or difficulty swallowing.

Umbilical hernia (belly button hernia) – common in babies

• Occurs when intestines push through the belly button area.
• Seen in newborns, especially premature babies.
• In some cases, it may close on its own, but others need medical attention.

Ventral hernia (abdominal hernia) • Occurs when tissue bulges through the abdominal muscles.

• Can happen after surgery (called an incisional hernia) or from straining, obesity, or pregnancy.

What puts you at risk of hernia?

You are more likely to develop a hernia if you:

• Do heavy lifting (farmers, laborers, market traders, etc.).
• Have chronic constipation (straining in the toilet increases pressure on the abdomen).
• Have a persistent cough (smokers are at higher risk).
• Are pregnant (extra weight puts pressure on the abdomen).
• Are overweight or obese.
• Have a family history of hernias.
• Had a previous surgery in the abdomen (weakens the muscle wall).

Symptoms of hernia?

Hernias may not always show symptoms, especially when small, but some common signs include:

• A visible swelling in the groin, stomach, or belly button.
• Pain or discomfort, especially when lifting, coughing, or straining.
• Heaviness or pressure in the abdomen.
• Burning or aching sensation at the bulge site.
• In severe cases, a hernia can lead to intense pain, vomiting, or constipation, which is a medical emergency.

Hernia treatment: What you should do?

The only effective treatment for a hernia is surgery. Whether you need surgery depends on the size of the hernia and the severity of your symptoms.

Types of hernia surgery:

• Open surgery: A single large incision is made, and the hernia is repaired.
• Laparoscopic surgery: Small incisions are made, and a camera is used to guide the repair (less pain and faster recovery).

If left untreated, hernias can lead to serious complications, such as strangulation (when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off), which can be life-threatening.

Can hernias be prevented?

While not all hernias can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

• Avoiding heavy lifting or using proper techniques when lifting.
• Eating a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Quitting smoking, as coughing weakens the abdominal muscles.
• Strengthening abdominal muscles with exercise.

Conclusion?

Hernias are common in Africa, but many people ignore them due to myths or fear of surgery. If you notice a swelling or experience discomfort, don’t wait, seek medical advice early. Surgery is safe, effective, and can prevent serious complications.