Skin Bleaching

What is skin bleaching?

Skin bleaching is the practice of using products to lighten dark areas of the skin or achieve a lighter overall complexion. These products include creams, soaps, pills, and medical treatments like chemical peels and laser therapy.

The process works by reducing the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its natural color. People with darker skin tones have more melanin. While some use bleaching to treat conditions like dark spots or uneven skin tone, many do it to achieve a fairer complexion due to societal pressures.

How common is skin bleaching in Africa?

Skin bleaching is a widespread practice across Africa. Studies show that:

• In Nigeria, nearly 77% of women use skin-lightening products.
• In Ghana, about 30% of women engage in skin bleaching.
• In South Africa, the figure is about 35%.
• The world health organization (WHO) reports that skin bleaching is a multi-billiondollar industry in Africa.

Despite health warnings, the demand for skin-bleaching products continues to rise, fueled by social perceptions that lighter skin is more beautiful or successful.

Myths about skin bleaching?

There are many misconceptions about skin bleaching. Let’s clarify some:

• “Bleaching removes dirt from the skin.” False. Darker skin is naturally rich in melanin, not dirt.
• “Expensive bleaching products are safer than cheap ones.” False. All skinlightening products have risks, regardless of price.
• “Using bleaching products for a short time is safe.” False. Even short-term use can damage the skin.
• “Bleaching only removes a tan.” False. It alters your skin’s natural pigmentation permanently.

Are there any benefits of skin bleaching?

There are no proven health benefits of skin bleaching. However, some dermatologists prescribe skin-lightening treatments for specific medical conditions, such as:

• Hyperpigmentation (dark patches on the skin)
• Melasma (skin discoloration due to pregnancy or hormones)
• Scars from acne or injuries

Even in these cases, treatment should be done under medical supervision to avoid dangerous side effects.

The dangers of skin bleaching?

Many African countries, including Ghana and South Africa, have banned skin-bleaching products due to the serious health risks they pose. The Ghana food and drugs authority (FDA) banned hydroquinone-based products in 2017. However, many people still use illegal or homemade bleaching creams.

Here are some of the dangers of skin bleaching:

Mercury poisoning

Some bleaching creams contain mercury, a toxic metal that can damage vital organs. Long-term exposure can lead to:

• Memory loss
• High blood pressure
• Kidney failure
• Tremors and shaking hands
• Numbness and nerve damage

Skin damage and burns (dermatitis)

Bleaching products weaken the skin, making it prone to redness, peeling, and wounds. Symptoms of skin damage include:

• Blisters and open sores
• Burning, itching, and pain
• Dry and scaly skin
• Permanent scarring

Exogenous ochronosis (EO)

Locally called “nanso ɛbɛn”, this is a skin disorder that causes blue-black or greenish pigmentation. It happens when bleaching creams containing hydroquinone are used for long periods.

Steroid acne

Many bleaching products contain steroids, which can cause severe acne on the chest, back, and face. Symptoms include:

• Painful red lumps
• Blackheads and whiteheads
• Deep scars

Kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome)

Bleaching products with mercury or steroids can damage the kidneys, leading to:

• Swelling in the feet and face
• Weakness and tiredness
• Foamy urine (protein loss in urine)
• Kidney failure

Final thoughts: Love your natural skin

Your natural skin tone is beautiful and healthy. Many celebrities and role models are now embracing their dark skin and encouraging others to do the same. Instead of risking your health, focus on proper skincare by:

Using natural oils like shea butter and coconut oil

Drinking lots of water

Using sunscreen to protect from harsh sunlight

Eating fruits and vegetables for glowing skin