Birth Defects
What are birth defects?
A birth defect is a problem that occurs while a baby is developing in the womb. It can affect the baby’s organs, appearance, or brain function. Many defects appear in the first three months of pregnancy. Some are minor, needing little care, while others require ongoing medical support.
What causes birth defects?
Birth defects happen for different reasons, and sometimes, the cause is unknown. Common factors include:
- Genetics: Inherited conditions from parents.
- Lifestyle choices: Smoking, alcohol, and drug use increase risks.
- Infections: Certain infections during pregnancy can harm the baby.
- Medications and chemicals: Some drugs, like acne treatments, are dangerous in pregnancy.
Who is at risk?
Some women have a higher chance of having a baby with birth defects, especially if they:
- Are over 35 years old.
- Have a family history of birth defects.
- Smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs during pregnancy.
- Do not receive proper antenatal care.
Common birth defects?
- Structural defects: Affect body parts, like a hole in the heart, spina bifida, or cleft lip.
- Functional defects: Affect development, like down syndrome or sickle cell disease.
How are birth defects diagnosed?
Doctors use ultrasounds, blood tests, and screenings to detect birth defects before birth. After delivery, newborn tests help diagnose conditions early for better care.
How can we prevent birth defects?
- Take folic acid: Start before pregnancy.
- Avoid smoking and alcohol: Protect your baby from harmful substances.
- Attend regular check-ups: Prenatal visits help detect risks early.