Common Cold

What is a common cold?

The common cold is a viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by the rhinovirus. Typical symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and a scratchy throat. It’s a familiar ailment, with adults experiencing an average of 2 to 3 colds annually. Over 200 viruses, mainly rhinoviruses, can trigger a cold, easily spreading from person to person or via surfaces.

What are the symptoms of a cold?

After exposure to a cold virus, symptoms typically appear within 1 to 3 days. They rarely manifest suddenly.

Nasal symptoms include:

• Sneezing
• Watery nasal secretions
• Congestion
• Sinus pressure
• Postnasal drip or drainage in the back of your throat
• Runny nose
• Stuffy nose
• Loss of smell or taste

Head symptoms include:

• Swollen lymph nodes
• Watery eyes
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Headache

Whole body symptoms include:

• Fatigue or general tiredness
• Low-grade fever below (38.9°C)
• Chest discomfort
• Chills
• Body aches
• Difficulty breathing deeply

Cold symptoms typically last 7 to 10 days, peaking around day 5, and gradually improving. If symptoms worsen after a week or persist beyond 10 days, medical attention may be necessary.

What is the difference between a cold and a flu?

While colds and flu share respiratory symptoms, they’re caused by different viruses, with flu symptoms often being more severe and sudden in onset. Colds rarely lead to complications, whereas flu can result in sinus/ear infections, pneumonia, or sepsis.

What is the treatment for colds?

Antibiotics are not effective against cold viruses. Treatment focuses on symptom management. Over-the-counter medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, and pain relievers can help. The most effective and common home remedies for a cold include:

• Getting lots of rest. Getting plenty of rest helps your body save energy to let the virus run its course.
• Zinc lozenge and ginger tea
• Drinking plenty of fluids. Staying well hydrated helps you replace fluids you’ve lost while also helping relieve congestion.
• Using vapor rub or rob. Vapor rub topical ointments help open your airways and ease congestion.
• Gargling with salt water. A saltwater gargle can help coat your throat and ease irritation.