COVID-19

What is dandruff?

Dandruff is a condition that causes itchy, flaky skin on the scalp. It is related to seborrheic dermatitis (a skin condition that causes inflammation and scaling), but dandruff only affects the scalp. This condition is widespread, affecting about half of the world’s adult population. In Africa, many people struggle with dandruff due to factors such as the hot climate, use of harsh hair products, and poor scalp hygiene.

Dandruff is not just about having white flakes on your shoulders, it can be itchy and uncomfortable, making people feel self-conscious. The good news is that it can be managed effectively with the right care and treatment.

How common is dandruff in Africa?

Dandruff is very common among Africans due to several reasons:

  • Hot and humid weather: The African climate can cause excessive sweating, leading to an oily scalp, which can worsen dandruff.
  • Frequent use of hair oils and butters: While these products help keep the hair moisturized, excessive use can clog the scalp and contribute to dandruff.
  • Poor hair hygiene: Infrequent washing or over-washing the hair can lead to dandruff.
  • Use of harsh hair products: Some shampoos, relaxers, and hair dyes contain chemicals that irritate the scalp, leading to dandruff.
  • Diet and lifestyle: A diet high in processed foods and stress can contribute to dandruff.

Symptoms of dandruff?

If you have dandruff, you may experience:

  • White or yellow flakes on your scalp, hair, and shoulders
  • Itchy and scaly scalp
  • Red patches on the scalp
  • Eyebrow dandruff
  • Hair thinning or mild hair loss
  • Dry flakes on the face

Dandruff symptoms often worsen during harmattan or dry seasons when the air is dry.

What causes dandruff?

Dandruff can be caused by a variety of factors:

  • Overactive oil glands: Too much oil on the scalp can mix with dead skin cells, leading to flaking.
  • Fungal growth (Malassezia): This yeast-like fungus naturally exists on the scalp but can grow excessively, causing irritation and dandruff.
  • Poor hair hygiene: Not washing the scalp regularly can lead to the buildup of oil and flakes.
  • Excessive shampooing: Washing too frequently can dry out the scalp, leading to flaking.
  • Use of harsh hair products: Certain shampoos, relaxers, and dyes can irritate the scalp.
  • Diet and stress: Poor nutrition and stress can trigger dandruff or make it worse.
  • Wearing hats or headscarves too often: Trapping heat and moisture on the scalp can create an environment for dandruff to thrive.

How to prevent dandruff?

To keep your scalp healthy and free from dandruff, follow these simple tips:

  • Wash your hair regularly: Find the right balance; too much or too little washing can cause dandruff.
  • Choose gentle hair products: Avoid shampoos with harsh chemicals. Look for anti-dandruff shampoos with ingredients like zinc pyrithione or tea tree oil.
  • Keep your scalp moisturized: Dry scalp can worsen dandruff. Use light oils like coconut or olive oil sparingly.
  • Eat a healthy diet: Include fresh fruits, vegetables, and proteins to keep your scalp healthy.
  • Manage stress: Stress can weaken your immune system, making you more prone to dandruff.
  • Avoid excessive heat and friction: Reduce the use of tight hats, scarves, and excessive hairstyling.
  • Brush your hair daily: This helps distribute natural oils and remove flakes.

How to get rid of dandruff?

If you already have dandruff, you can try the following treatments:

Home remedies

  • Baking soda: Rub a small amount into your scalp while showering and rinse after a few minutes.
  • Apple cider vinegar: Mix with water and rinse your scalp to help balance the pH and reduce flaking.
  • Lemon juice: Apply fresh lemon juice to your scalp before washing your hair.
  • Coconut or olive oil: Massage into the scalp and leave it overnight before washing.

Anti-dandruff shampoos

Dandruff shampoos contain ingredients that help remove flakes and reduce fungal growth. Some common ingredients include:

  • Ketoconazole: Fights fungal infections
  • Selenium sulfide: Reduces scalp oil production
  • Zinc pyrithione: Helps control yeast growth
  • Coal tar: Slows down the shedding of skin cells

When to see a doctor?

If your dandruff doesn’t improve after trying home remedies or anti-dandruff shampoos, or if you experience severe itching, redness, or hair loss, visit a dermatologist (skin doctor) for professional advice.

Conclusion?

Dandruff is a common but manageable condition. By maintaining good scalp hygiene, choosing the right hair products, eating a healthy diet, and managing stress, you can keep dandruff under control. If symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to seek medical help.