Eczema

What is eczema?

Eczema is a skin condition that causes itching, redness, dryness, and irritation. Many people in Africa experience this, but they may not know it by this name. Some simply call it “skin rash” or “heat rash,” but eczema can be more than that.

It often starts in childhood but can affect people at any age. If not properly managed, it can lead to dark scars, cracked skin, or infections.

How common is eczema in Africa?

Eczema is becoming more common in Africa, especially in urban areas. Studies show that about 20% of children and 10% of adults in some African countries suffer from eczema.

The hot climate, exposure to dust, and use of harsh soaps may make the condition worse.

What causes eczema?

Doctors believe that eczema is caused by an overactive immune system that reacts to irritants. It can also run in families. Some people lack a protein called filaggrin, which helps the skin stay moisturized. This makes their skin dry and more likely to develop eczema.

What triggers eczema?

Eczema does not appear every day. Sometimes it flares up because of things around us. Here are common triggers:

• Harsh soaps and detergents: Many washing powders and soaps remove moisture from the skin.
• Heat and sweating: Hot weather and sweating can make eczema worse.
• Dust and smoke: Pollution, smoke from firewood, and dust can irritate the skin.
• Stress: Worrying too much can make eczema flare up.
• Certain foods: Some people react to milk, eggs, peanuts, or seafood.
• Fabric types:  Wool and synthetic fabrics can make eczema worse.
• Animal fur and pollen: Pets and flowers can trigger eczema in some people.

Types of eczema?

There are different types of eczema. Knowing the type you have can help with treatment:

• Atopic dermatitis: The most common type, causing itchy and dry skin, often in children.
• Contact dermatitis: Caused by touching things like detergents, jewellery, or perfumes.
• Dyshidrotic eczema: Causes small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet.
• Nummular eczema: Causes round, coin-shaped patches on the skin.
• Stasis dermatitis: Affects the lower legs, especially in people with poor blood circulation.

Symptoms of eczema?

Eczema can appear in different ways, but common signs include:

• Dry, scaly, or cracked skin
• Intense itching, especially at night
• Red, inflamed patches
• Small bumps that leak fluid when scratched
• Dark spots or scars left after scratching

Eczema is not contagious, meaning you cannot catch it from someone else.

When to see a doctor?

Some people manage eczema at home, but if it becomes severe, see a doctor if:

• The itching keeps you awake at night.
• The skin is bleeding or has pus (a sign of infection).
• Home treatments are not working.

How is eczema treated?

There is no permanent cure for eczema, but it can be controlled with the right care. Treatment includes:

Moisturizing the skin

• Use petroleum jelly (Vaseline) or shea butter.
• Apply creams immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.

Avoiding triggers

• Use mild, fragrance-free soaps and detergents.
• Wear cotton clothes instead of wool or synthetic fabrics.
• Avoid long, hot showers that dry the skin.

Using medications

• Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine) to reduce itching.
• Steroid creams (e.g., hydrocortisone) to calm inflammation.
• Antibiotics if there is an infection.

Natural remedies

Some natural oils help relieve eczema symptoms, including:

• Coconut oil: Helps keep the skin moisturized.
• Aloe vera: Soothes itching and redness.
• Neem leaves: Used in African herbal medicine for skin conditions.

Living with eczema?

Eczema can be frustrating, but with proper skin care and lifestyle changes, you can prevent break out. Always keep your skin moisturized, avoid triggers, and seek medical help when needed.