First Period/Menarche
What is menstruation?
Menstruation is a natural process that signals a girl’s body is maturing and becoming capable of reproduction. It happens when the body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb) through the vagina.
Each month, the body prepares for pregnancy by thickening the uterus lining. If pregnancy does not occur, the body releases the lining, which results in menstrual bleeding. This is what we commonly call a period.
When does the first period begin?
Most girls in Africa get their first period between the ages of 10 and 16, with the average age being around 12 or 13. However, starting a little earlier or later is still normal.
One way to predict when your period will start is by looking for other signs of puberty.
Usually, menstruation begins about two years after breasts start developing. In many African cultures, the first period is seen as a transition into womanhood. Some families mark this moment with a small celebration, such as sharing an egg meal and having a conversation about reproductive health.
Signs to look out for?
Some girls may get their first period without warning, while others experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) before their period begins. Common signs include:
- Acne (pimples on the face or back)
- Swollen or sore breasts
- Abdominal bloating
- Back pain
- Constipation or diarrhoea
- Feeling extra tired
- Mood swings or irritability
- Food cravings, especially for sweets
- A clear or white vaginal discharge (a natural fluid from the vagina)
To avoid being caught off guard, you can carry a “period kit” in your bag, which may include:
- A clean pair of underwear
- A sanitary pad or tampon
- Wipes for cleaning
- A pain reliever, such as paracetamol
How long will it last?
Your first period may last only a few days, but as your body adjusts, your menstrual cycle will become more regular. For most girls, periods last between 2 to 7 days every month. However, it can take several months to even a few years for your cycle to settle into a regular pattern.
Keeping clean during your period?
Menstrual hygiene is important to prevent infections and keep you feeling fresh. Here are some options for managing your period:
- Sanitary Pads: Absorbent rectangular pads placed inside underwear to soak up blood. They should be changed every 4-6 hours.
- Tampons: Small absorbent tubes inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual flow. These should be changed every 4-8 hours.
- Menstrual Cups: Reusable cups inserted into the vagina to collect blood. They can be worn for up to 12 hours before being emptied, washed, and reused.
Quick tips for handling period stains:
- If menstrual blood leaks onto your clothes, don’t panic!
- Change your pad or tampon immediately.
- Use a jacket or scarf to cover the stain until you get home.
- Soak stained clothes in cold water with soap, then wash. A little parazone (bleach) can help with stubborn stains.
Bathing and personal care during your period?
It is important to take a bath at least twice a day when on your period. This helps:
- Remove any blood or odor
- Keep you feeling fresh and confident
- Reduce the risk of infections
What does it mean now that you have your period?
Getting your period means your body is capable of pregnancy if you engage in sexual activity.
In many African countries, including Ghana, the law states that it is illegal to have sexual relations with anyone under 18 years old. If you have questions about your reproductive health, talk to a trusted adult, a healthcare provider, or a family planning nurse about:
- Safe sexual practices
- Pregnancy prevention methods
- Sexually transmitted infection (STI) protection
Final thoughts?
Your first period is a natural and important milestone in your life. Understanding it and knowing how to take care of yourself will help you feel more confident and prepared. Every girl’s body is different, so if you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to ask for guidance from a parent, teacher, doctor, or nurse.