Gum Disease

What is gum disease?

Gum disease is a serious but common problem that affects many people, often without them knowing. It starts as gingivitis, which is when the gums become red, swollen, and bleed easily. If not treated early, it can lead to periodontitis, a severe infection that can cause tooth loss.

In many African communities, dental health is not always given enough attention.

However, taking care of your gums is just as important as taking care of your body. According to the world health organization (WHO), more than 70% of adults in Africa have some form of gum disease. Poor oral hygiene, lack of access to dental care, and certain lifestyle habits make the problem worse.

How common is gum disease in Africa?

Gum disease is widespread across Africa, especially in rural areas where dental services are limited. Some key facts:

• Over 80% of people in some African countries have gingivitis due to poor oral hygiene.
• Many people lose teeth at an early age due to untreated gum infections.
• Illegal mining (‘galamsey’) pollutes water with heavy metals like mercury and nickel, which can lead to gum problems.
• Poor nutrition, especially lack of vitamin C, increases the risk of gum disease.

Many Africans still rely on chewing sticks for oral hygiene. While they can be useful, they are not always enough to prevent gum infections.

What causes gum disease?

Gum disease happens when bacteria build up in the mouth and cause an infection. Here are some common causes:

• Poor brushing and flossing: Allows plaque (a sticky layer of bacteria) to grow.
• Tartar buildup: Plaque hardens and becomes tartar, which leads to inflammation.
• Smoking and chewing tobacco: Weakens the gums and increases the risk of infections.
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy and menopause can make gums more sensitive.
• Diabetes and other diseases: Affect the body’s ability to fight infections.
• Poor nutrition: lack of vitamin C and other nutrients weakens gum health.
• Illegal mining and water pollution: Exposure to heavy metals can damage gums.

Symptoms of gum disease?

You may have gum disease and not even know it. Watch out for these signs:

• Red, swollen, or painful gums
• Bleeding when brushing or chewing hard food
• Bad breath that won’t go away
• Loose teeth or teeth shifting from their normal position
• Pus or sores around the gums
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods

If you notice these signs, visit a dentist immediately to prevent further damage.

How can you prevent gum disease?

Good oral hygiene is the best way to prevent gum disease. Here’s what you can do:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
• Use a chewing stick or chewing sponge if you don’t have a toothbrush, but make sure it’s clean.
• Floss your teeth daily to remove food particles.
• Visit the dentist regularly (at least twice a year) for checkups.
• Eat a healthy diet, including fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C.
• Avoid smoking and tobacco, which weakens the gums.
• Drink clean water, as polluted water can contain harmful chemicals that damage gums.

How is gum disease treated?

If you already have gum disease, it is not too late! Treatment options include:

• Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing): Removes plaque and tartar from under the gums.
• Antibiotic treatments: Oral medications or antiseptic mouthwash to fight infection.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair gum damage.

Final advice?

Gum disease is preventable and treatable. Do not wait until you lose a tooth before taking action. By practicing good oral hygiene, eating a balanced diet, and visiting a dentist when needed.