Hair Loss

What is Hair Loss? 

Hair is more than just a part of our appearance; in many African cultures, it represents identity, beauty, and heritage. However, hair loss is a reality for many Africans, affecting men, women, and even children. Studies estimate that about 50% of men and 25% of women experience noticeable hair loss by middle age. In some African communities, people believe hair loss is caused by witchcraft or bad luck, but in reality, it often has scientific explanations.

Hair loss, also known as alopecia, can happen gradually or suddenly. It is normal to lose 50 to 100 hairs a day, but if your hair is not growing back, it may be due to an underlying condition. Some hair loss is temporary, while others can be permanent. Let’s explore the causes, prevention, and treatment options available, particularly for Africans.

How common is hair loss in Africa?

Hair loss is widespread across Africa, but it often goes unnoticed or is mistaken for aging. Some of the common causes specific to Africans include:

  • Traction alopecia from tight braids, cornrows, and weaves.
  • Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), a fungal infection common among children.
  • Nutritional deficiencies due to limited access to iron and vitamins.
  • Hormonal changes related to pregnancy, menopause, or conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
  • Hereditary hair loss that runs in families.

What causes hair loss?

There are many causes of hair loss, and understanding them can help you prevent or treat it effectively.

Hereditary hair loss (androgenic alopecia)
  • This is the most common cause of hair loss worldwide, including Africa.
  • It is passed down from family members and affects both men and women.
  • Men usually experience a receding hairline and bald patches, while women may notice thinning all over the scalp.
  • It often starts in the late 20s or early 30s but can occur earlier.
Alopecia areata
  • This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to bald patches.
  • It can cause hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, and even body hair.
  • Some people recover fully, while others may struggle with ongoing hair loss.
Cancer treatment (anagen effluvium)
  • Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause sudden and severe hair loss.
  • Wearing a cooling cap during treatment may reduce hair loss.
  • Hair often grows back after treatment stops.
Stress-related hair loss (telogen effluvium)
  • Sudden hair loss can be triggered by:
  • Extreme stress or trauma.
  • Childbirth or menopause.
  • Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin D, B vitamins).
  • Severe infections like covid-19.
  • Hair usually regrows within 6 to 9 months after the stress is managed.
Fungal infections (tinea capitis/kakawerewere)
  • This scalp infection is common among African children.
  • It appears as scaly, itchy bald patches that may grow larger if untreated.
  • It can cause permanent hair loss if left untreated.
  • Treatment: Antifungal medications and maintaining scalp hygiene.
Traction alopecia (hair loss from tight hairstyles)
  • Many African women and men experience hair loss around the edges (hairline) due to tight braids, weaves, ponytails, and cornrows.
  • Over time, this can lead to permanent bald spots if the scalp is continuously pulled.
  • Prevention: Avoid tight hairstyles and allow your scalp to rest between styles.
Medications and illnesses
  • Certain medications, such as those for blood pressure, depression, and thyroid issues, can cause hair loss.
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially syphilis, can lead to patchy hair loss.
  • Treatment: Speak to a doctor if you suspect medication or illness is causing hair loss.

How can you prevent hair loss?

While not all hair loss is preventable, here are some ways to reduce your risk:

  • Avoid tight hairstyles like micro braids, cornrows, and weaves that pull at the scalp.
  • Keep your scalp clean to prevent infections like tinea capitis.
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in iron, protein, and vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc).
  • Reduce stress through exercise, meditation, and enough sleep.
  • Limit heat and chemical use on hair (relaxers, bleach, ‘yomo’ dyes, hot combs).

How is hair loss diagnosed?

If you are losing hair excessively, visit a doctor or dermatologist for a check-up. The doctor may:

  • Ask about your family history, diet, and lifestyle.
  • Conduct a physical scalp examination.
  • Take a biopsy (skin sample) if needed.
  • Order blood tests to check for deficiencies or infections.

Treatment options for hair loss?

Treatment depends on the cause of hair loss. Options include:

Medications
  • Minoxidil (rogaine): A topical treatment that can help hair grow back.
  • Finasteride (propecia): A prescription medication for male-pattern baldness.
  • Corticosteroids: Used for autoimmune-related hair loss like alopecia areata.
Natural remedies
  • Applying castor oil, coconut oil, or shea butter can help improve scalp health.
  • Aloe vera and onion juice have been shown to stimulate hair growth.
  • Regular scalp massages can improve blood circulation and promote growth.
Hair transplant surgery
  • Hair transplants involve moving healthy hair follicles to bald areas.
  • This method is expensive and not suitable for everyone.
Wigs and protective styling
  • If treatment is not an option, wigs, headscarves, and protective styles can help you feel confident.
  • Embracing a bald look is also an option for men and women who prefer it.

Conclusion?

Hair loss is a common issue in Africa, but it is often misunderstood. Understanding the causes, prevention, and treatment options can help you take better care of your hair and scalp. If you notice sudden or severe hair loss, don’t ignore it seek medical advice early.