HPV

Introduction: Why you should care about HPV

Did you know that human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections in the world? In Africa, millions of men and women carry this virus without even knowing it. HPV is responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among African women.

HPV is not just a “women’s disease.” It can cause genital warts and lead to cancers of the cervix, anus, throat, and penis in both men and women. Yet, many people are unaware of it, and myths continue to spread. This article breaks down the facts in a simple way so that you can protect yourself and your loved ones.

What is HPV?

HPV is a virus that spreads through skin-to-skin contact, mainly during sexual activity. There are over 100 types of HPV, and about 40 of them affect the genital area. Some types cause genital warts, while others can lead to serious cancers.

How common is HPV in Africa?

HPV is very common in Africa, but many people do not know they have it. Here are some key facts:

  • Cervical cancer caused by HPV kills over 60,000 African women every year.
  • More than 30% of women in some African countries have high-risk HPV infections.
  • Men also carry and spread HPV, but they are less likely to show symptoms.

Unfortunately, in many African communities, lack of awareness, fear, and stigma prevent people from getting tested or vaccinated. This needs to change!

How do people get HPV?

HPV is mainly spread through skin-to-skin contact in the genital area. This means:

  • You can get HPV even if you don’t have full intercourse. Any sexual contact, including oral and anal sex, can spread the virus.
  • Many people with HPV do not show symptoms, but they can still pass it to others.
  • You can have HPV even if you have only had one sexual partner.
  • A mother with HPV can pass it to her baby during childbirth. This can cause the child to develop throat warts (a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis).

Signs and symptoms of HPV?

Most people with HPV do not have any symptoms, which is why regular screening is important. However, when symptoms appear, they may include:

  • Genital warts: Small, painless growths around the genitals or anus.
  • Warts in the throat: Can cause difficulty breathing or speaking.
  • Cervical cancer symptoms: In women, these include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and unusual discharge.
  • Throat, anal, or penile cancer symptoms: In men and women, these may include sores that do not heal, bleeding, or lumps in affected areas.

Common myths about HPV (and the truth)?

Many people believe myths about HPV, which stops them from seeking help. Here’s the truth:

  • “Only women get HPV.” False! Men can also get HPV and spread it.
  • “If I don’t have symptoms, I don’t have HPV.” False! Many people with HPV never show symptoms.
  • “HPV means I will get cancer.” False! While some types of HPV can lead to cancer, early detection and vaccination can prevent it.
  • “Only people with many partners get HPV.” False! Even people in long-term relationships can get HPV.

How to protect yourself from HPV?

HPV can be prevented, and you can protect yourself by:

  • Getting vaccinated: The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing the most dangerous types of the virus.
  • Using condoms: This reduces the risk but does not provide full protection since HPV spreads through skin contact.
  • Avoiding multiple sexual partners: Reducing the number of partners lowers your risk.
  • Going for regular screenings: Women over 30 years should have a Pap smear every 3 years to detect early signs of cervical cancer.
  • Stopping smoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of HPV-related cancers.

Is there a cure for HPV?

There is no cure for HPV itself, but the body fights off most infections on its own. However, if HPV leads to other health problems, treatments are available:

  • Genital warts can be treated with creams, freezing, or minor surgery.
  • Cervical cancer can be treated if detected early through screenings.

Prevention is better than cure! Vaccination and screening can save lives.

HPV and the HPV vaccine: What you should know?

The HPV vaccine is the best way to prevent HPV-related diseases. Here’s what you need to know:

  • The vaccine works best when given before sexual activity begins (recommended for boys and girls aged 9–14 years).
  • Women up to age 45 can still benefit from the vaccine.
  • Some African countries now offer free HPV vaccination for young girls.

Encourage your daughters, sisters, nieces, and even sons to get vaccinated!

Final words: Protect yourself and your loved ones?

HPV is a silent but dangerous virus that affects many people in Africa. But the good news is it is preventable. By getting vaccinated, going for regular check-ups, and spreading awareness, we can reduce the number of HPV-related cancers and save lives.