Prostate Cancer

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. The prostate, a small gland beneath the bladder, helps produce seminal fluid for sperm. Cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably. If left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body.

Who is at risk of getting prostate cancer?

• Age: The risk increases after age 50.
• Family history: Having a close relative with prostate cancer increases the risk.
• Ethnicity: African American men have higher rates, while Asian and Hispanic men have lower rates.
• Obesity: Being overweight can raise the risk.
• Genetics: Inherited mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can also contribute.

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

• Frequent urination or weak urine flow.
• Blood in urine or semen.
• Erectile dysfunction or pain in the legs/back if cancer spreads.

Screening

• PSA test: Measures prostate-specific antigen in the blood.
• Digital rectal exam: A doctor feels the prostate for abnormalities.  Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken to check for cancer.

What is the treatment for prostate cancer?

• Surgery: Removing the prostate (prostatectomy).
• Radiation: High-energy beams to target cancer.
• Hormone therapy: Reduces male hormones that fuel cancer growth.
• Chemotherapy: Drugs that kill cancer cells, used for advanced cases.

Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune response against cancer.