Sickle Cell Anemia
What is sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle-shaped instead of round. These sticky, rigid cells block blood flow, causing pain and organ damage.
Is it different from sickle cell disease?
SCD includes different conditions caused by abnormal hemoglobin. The most common type is SS (sickle cell anemia). Other forms include SC disease and S-beta thalassemia. If you have one sickle gene, you have sickle cell trait, meaning you’re a carrier but don’t have the disease.
What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
- Fatigue (due to anemia)
- Swelling and pain in hands and feet
- Frequent infections
- Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
What complications can arise from sickle cell anemia?
- Pain crises (blocked blood flow)
- Stroke, heart, and lung problems
- Spleen damage (weakened immunity)
- Priapism (painful erections in men)
How is sickle cell anemia treated?
- Pain relief & hydration
- Blood transfusions
- Hydroxyurea (boosts fetal hemoglobin)
- Vaccinations (prevent infections)
Who is at risk of sickle cell anemia?
SCD is common in people from Africa, India, and the Mediterranean. If both parents carry the sickle gene, their child has a 25% chance of inheriting SCD.
What is the long-term outlook for sickle cell anemia?
SCD is lifelong but manageable with proper care. Couples at risk can seek genetic counseling.