Swollen Testicles

What causes the scrotum to swell?

Scrotal swelling is the enlargement of the scrotum, which holds the testicles. It can be caused by injury, infections, fluid buildup, inflammation, or abnormal growths. The swelling may be painless or painful and can develop suddenly or over time.

A major cause of painful scrotal swelling is testicular torsion, where a testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply. This is a medical emergency that can cause tissue death within hours if not treated.

Common causes of scrotal swelling

• Injury or trauma
• Testicular cancer
• Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum)
• Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)
• Hydrocele (fluid buildup in the scrotum)
• Hernia
• Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)
• Congestive heart failure
• Skin infections of the scrotum

How is the cause diagnosed?

Symptoms like pain, lumps, or discomfort may indicate the cause. A doctor will examine the scrotum and perform an ultrasound to check inside. Blood tests, including an STI panel, may help identify infections.

What are the treatments for swollen testicles?

Treatment depends on the cause:

• Infections: Antibiotics (oral, injection, or IV for severe cases)
• Testicular torsion: Emergency surgery
• Varicocele, hernia, or hydrocele: Surgery if necessary
• Testicular cancer: Chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery to remove tumors